Neurotransmission and Neuroprotection

• Studied for its ability to modulate neuronal excitability and protect neurons from oxidative or excitotoxic stress.
• Provides a model system to examine neurotrophic signaling, synaptic plasticity, and central nervous system repair mechanisms.
• Enables investigation into peptide-based neuroimmune communication and the regulation of glial cell activation.

Vascular and Smooth-Muscle Regulation

• Known for its potent vasodilatory effects; VIP stimulates cAMP-mediated smooth-muscle relaxation in vascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal tissues.
• Used in studies examining blood-flow regulation, pulmonary function, and nitric-oxide–independent vasodilation mechanisms.
• Assists in mapping receptor subtypes VPAC1 and VPAC2, which are key targets for vascular homeostasis research.

Immune Modulation and Cytokine Regulation

• Explored in pre-clinical settings for its role in modulating cytokine synthesis, particularly in the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-6.
• Facilitates research into autoimmune regulation, macrophage activity, and immune-neuroendocrine crosstalk.
• Serves as a tool for characterizing anti-inflammatory peptide signaling within the adaptive and innate immune systems.

Pulmonary and Respiratory Pathway Research

• Investigated for its ability to influence airway smooth-muscle tone, mucosal secretion, and bronchial dilation through cAMP-dependent signaling pathways.
• Provides insight into how VIP receptor agonism affects respiratory smooth-muscle relaxation in pre-clinical and ex-vivo models.

Gastrointestinal and Digestive System Studies

• Utilized to study intestinal secretion, motility, and enteric nervous system communication.
• Supports investigation into neuropeptide control of gut motility and electrolyte transport.
• Acts as a key experimental peptide for mapping gut–brain axis interactions and enteric immune modulation.

Circadian Rhythm and Endocrine Research

• VIP is integral to maintaining circadian clock synchronization within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus.
• Enables researchers to explore hormonal rhythm entrainment, light-responsive peptide signaling, and endocrine homeostasis.

Cellular Receptor Mechanism Studies

• Binds primarily to VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1 receptors, activating adenylyl cyclase and increasing intracellular cAMP.
• Useful for mapping GPCR (G-protein–coupled receptor) structure–function relationships and signal transduction pathways.

This product is supplied strictly for laboratory research use only. It is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and must not be administered to humans or animals. Proper handling procedures and safety protocols should be followed by trained professionals when working with this material.