NAD+
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is a naturally occurring coenzyme found in all living cells, where it serves as a central redox carrier and a key cofactor in energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular signaling. In its oxidized form (NAD⁺), this molecule plays a pivotal role in electron transport, mitochondrial ATP synthesis, and oxidative metabolism, functioning as a substrate for critical enzymes such as sirtuins (SIRT1–7), PARPs (poly-ADP-ribose polymerases), and CD38.
NAD⁺ exists in two primary interconvertible forms: oxidized NAD⁺ and reduced NADH. The NAD⁺/NADH ratio governs redox balance, cellular energy production, and aging-related metabolic processes. As NAD⁺ levels decline with age or metabolic stress, studying its restoration and regulatory mechanisms has become a central focus in longevity, mitochondrial, and metabolic research.
Price range: $47.00 through $74.00
Structural Highlights:
- Bimolecular Composition: NAD⁺ consists of adenine mononucleotide (AMP) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) joined by a pyrophosphate bridge.
- Redox Functionality: The nicotinamide ring can accept or donate hydride ions (H⁻), cycling between NAD⁺ and NADH during metabolic reactions.
- Enzymatic Roles: Serves as a cofactor for dehydrogenases, oxidoreductases, and sirtuin-family proteins regulating energy metabolism and gene expression.
- Metabolic Centrality: Acts as an electron shuttle in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
NAD⁺ is one of the most widely studied molecules in modern biomedical research, serving as a foundation for investigations in metabolic health, mitochondrial biology, aging, neuroprotection, and DNA repair mechanisms.
Cellular Energy & Mitochondrial Function
- Functions as a critical coenzyme in redox reactions and electron transport chain activity.
- Regulates ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial respiration.
- Used to study metabolic resilience, energy adaptation, and cellular recovery under stress conditions.
DNA Repair and Sirtuin Activation
- Acts as a substrate for sirtuins (SIRT1–7), enzymes that deacetylate histones and transcriptional regulators to support longevity and genomic stability.
- Provides the ADP-ribose units required by PARPs, facilitating DNA repair and chromatin remodeling.
- Research focus on epigenetic regulation, cellular stress responses, and aging pathways.
Neuroprotective and Cognitive Studies
- Supports neuronal survival through NAD⁺-dependent mitochondrial repair and anti-apoptotic signaling.
- Modulates oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory cascades in preclinical neurodegenerative models.
- Investigated for its role in axon regeneration, synaptic plasticity, and brain energy metabolism.
Metabolic and Longevity Research
- NAD⁺ decline is associated with aging, obesity, and insulin resistance; replenishment models are used to study metabolic restoration and lifespan extension.
- Drives AMPK and SIRT1 activation, leading to improved lipid oxidation, glucose tolerance, and mitochondrial biogenesis in laboratory settings.
- Used to explore caloric restriction mimetics and cellular rejuvenation strategies in aging studies.
This product is supplied strictly for laboratory research use only. It is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and must not be administered to humans or animals. Proper handling procedures and safety protocols should be followed by trained professionals when working with this material.
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